Can a doctor understand a man's urological symptoms?

Yes, she has learned to inquire about symptoms and signs during her training, to recognize them and to imagine something underneath them, even if she has not (yet) experienced them herself. Every doctor must be able to recognise and interpret the pain of a heart attack described by the patient without ever experiencing it himself.

How much fluid does the kidney need?

To maintain the minimum function approx. 600ml. It is desirable to have a minimum urine excretion of 0.5ml per kg body weight per hour, i. e. 50 to 100ml in 2 hours with a weight between 50 and 100kg, 600 to 1200ml in 24h. Ideal is 1ml/kg/h, so 1200 to 2400ml per day. Depending on the intake of water-containing vegetables and fruits, dairy products, a large part of the liquid already comes from the solid food. To claim that drinking at least 2 to 3 litres a day is necessary is nonsense, but it was an extremely successful advertising campaign of the beverage industry. Nota bene there is not a single study in technical literature that could show that "drinking a lot" is "healthy". They hear it everywhere like the Grimms fairy tales and even find it in medical books.

Is drinking cold liquid harmful to the kidneys or the bladder?

No, the drunk liquid is heated up very quickly in the upper gastrointestinal tract to the core temperature of approx. 37° and absorbed through the mucous membrane. The body is an extremely successful instantaneous water heater.

What is the urinary bladder like? Is it a cavity?

It is a very elastic hollow organ, which is lined inside with a mucous membrane, consists mainly of a fine muscle tissue and is covered on the outside by a layer of fatty tissue. It is therefore not a hollow, balloon-shaped reservoir, as it is often drawn into which it drips from the ureters.

It is a very elastic hollow organ, which is lined inside with a mucous membrane, consists mainly of a fine muscle tissue and is covered on the outside by a layer of fatty tissue. It is therefore not a hollow, balloon-shaped reservoir, as it is often drawn into which it drips from the ureters.